John Proctor is the tragic hero of The Crucible Essay

‘ He is showing he will stop at nothing to get her out of prison and reassuring Elizabeth that she has nothing to worry about. In this scene some of his actions however can be proven to be un-heroic such as the way he treats his servant Mary Warren, this is shown when he says to her ‘ I will bring your guts into your mouth’ suggesting that he will kill her but in a more vicious manner than is truly necessary. This quotes however makes a stronger impact on the audience as Mary Warren is still rather young and is sobbing and its not exactly heroic to reduce a young girl to tears. Act 3 is one of Proctors most heroic scenes, it shows him standing up to a very close knit court, Abigail and all the other accusers, especially when he confesses to his affair with Abigail, which for anyone to do in front of a court must be very hard. ‘ I have known her sir, i have known her’ this means he had sex with her. I believe Miller wrote the character of John Proctor as himself writing the play which is standing up to McCarthyism in the way Proctor is standing up to the court. By telling the court about him and Abigail Proctor shows he is so eager to free his wife that he risks putting himself in jail for adultery which is heroic because he is sacrificing himself for what is right, even though he knows his wife is safe for a year because she is pregnant he still goes through with his claim as he knows it is the right thing to do. Another action that proved him heroic was his gentleness towards Mary Warren after the cruel words he said to her in the last act. In act 4 proctor is yet again very heroic and this scene is where the tragic part comes in because he dies. Proctor though slightly sways towards confessing to witchcraft he says ‘ i want my life’. This shows he is not confessing because he is guilty he is confessing because he wants to stay alive and be with his wife and children. He does however while he is confessing refuse to give any names so he can save his friends ‘ i speak my own sins; i cannot judge another’ this is proving just because he was being weak and confessing to being with the devil he will not condemn another person to an awful fate which he ends up having when he is hanged at the end of this scene which is where the play becomes tragic. In conclusion i think John Proctor is a tragic hero because although he did some un-heroic things such as having an affair and sometimes being unnecessarily vicious he came through in the end, he tried to save his friends and wife, went up against the court and went up against Abigail. All those things show he helps, is honest and stands up for his cause which are all quality’s of a hero. He is a tragic hero because in the course of being a hero he died. This is not the only tragic part though, the fact that nothing came from his death for some time is also tragic, even though Abigail runs away he still gets hung because of how society was in that time and also the court was to embarrassed to admit it had been fooled. It was only some time later that the court finally admitted everything. This comes back to the reason Miller wrote Proctor as he was. In the introduction of the book there is a quote from Miller saying ‘ the political question therefore, of whether witches and communists could be equated was no longer the point. What was manifestly parallel was the guilt, two centuries apart, of holding illicit, suppressed feelings of alienation and hostility toward standard, daylight society as defined by its most orthodox components. ‘ This shows that Miller is not comparing witches and communists, he is simply showing how closely related Americas attitude was towards both and how they accused the ‘standard, daylight society’ of crimes they had nothing to do with and how Miller, like proctor, was risking everything to make a point. Olivia Lee 11. DM Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Best Online Trading Account- Width and Cost Analysis

| | |[pic] | | |BEST ONLINE TRADING ACCOUNT | | | |WIDTH AND COST ANALYSIS | | WEALTH AND INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT : (MGT-216) Submitted to: Dr. Shweta Anand By: HukumSingh Devendar Gautam Naveen Kumar Vijay Singh Vikash Chaudhary Yashpal SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT GAUTAM BUDDHA UNIVERSITY GREATER NOIDA CONTENTS TOPIC 1. Executive Summary 2. Introduction Background of Stock Exchange in India 3. Theory of Share Market 4. Major Players 5. Methodology of Study 6. Objectives of Study 7. Comparative Study of Online trading portals 8. Conclusion 9. Reference EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This project as a whole can be divided into two parts. ? First part gives an insight about online trading and Dematerialization account. What is share trading and how buying and selling takes place. For trading, it is mandatory for us to have a demat or dematerialization account. How to open a demat account and what all documents are required was part of our study. Various terms used in share market such as bears and bulls, intraday, delivery, settlement, index, etc. ? The second part of project represents the major players of India and a small comparative analysis has been done on their basis of services given by these different online trading portals with their brokerage rates, annual maintenance charges, account opening charges and customer base. INTRODUCTION Background of Stock Exchange of India The emergence of stock market can be traced back to 1830. In Bombay, business passed in the shares of banks like the commercial bank, the chartered mercantile bank, the chartered bank, the oriental bank and the old bank of Bombay and shares of cotton presses. In Calcutta, Englishman reported the quotations of 4%, 5%, and 6% loans of East India Company as well as the shares of the bank of Bengal in 1836. This list was a further broadened in 1839 when the Calcutta newspaper printed the quotations of banks like union bank and Agra bank. It also quoted the prices of business ventures like the Bengal bonded warehouse, the Docking Company and the storm tug company. Between 1840 and 1850, only half a dozen brokers existed for the limited business. But during the share mania of 1860-65, the number of brokers increased considerably. By 1860, the number of brokers was about 60 and during the exciting period of the American Civil war, their number increased to about 200 to 250. The end of American Civil war brought disillusionment and many failures and the brokers decreased in number and prosperity. It was in those troublesome times between 1868 and 1875 that brokers organized an informal association and finally as recited in the Indenture constituting the â€Å"Articles of Association of the Exchange†. On or about 9th day of July,1875, a few native brokers doing brokerage business in shares and stocks resolved upon forming in Bombay an association for protecting the character, status and interest of native share and stock brokers and providing a hall or building for the use of the members of such association. As a meeting held in the broker’ Hall on the 5th day of February, 1887, it was resolved to execute a formal deal of association and to constitute the first managing committee and to appoint the first trustees. Accordingly, the Articles of Association of the Exchange and the Stock Exchange was formally established in Bombay on 3rd day of December, 1887. The Association is now known as â€Å"The Stock Exchange†. The entrance fee for new member was Re. 1 and there were 318 members on the list, when the exchange was constituted. The numbers of members increased to 333 in 1896, 362 in 1916and 478 in 1920 and the entrance fee was raised to Rs. 5 in 1877, Rs. 1000 in 1896, Rs. 2500 in 1916 and Rs. 48,000 in 1920. At present there are 23 recognized stock exchanges with about 6000 stock brokers. Organization structure of stock exchange varies. 14 stock exchanges are organized as public limited companies, 6 as companies limited by guarantee and 3 are non-profit voluntary organization. Of the total of 23, only 9 stock exchanges have been permanent recognition. Others have to seek recognition on annual basis. These exchange do not work of its own, rather, these are run by some persons and with the help of some persons and institution. All these are down as functionaries on stock exchange. These are 1. Stockbrokers 2. sub-broker 3. market makers 4. Portfolio consultants etc 1. ) Stockbrokers Stock brokers are the members of stock exchanges. These are the persons who buy, sell or deal in securities. A certificate of registration from SEBI is mandatory to act as a broker. SEBI can impose certain conditions while granting the certificate of registrations. It is obligatory for the person to abide by the rules, regulations and the buy-law. Stock brokers are commission broker, floor broker, arbitrageur etc. Detail of registered brokers |Total no. of registered brokers as on 31. 03. 2008 |Total no. of sub-brokers as on 31. 03. 008 | |9000 |24,000 | 2. ) Sub-broker A sub-broker acts as agent of stock broker. He is not a member of a stock exchange. He assists the investors in buying, selling or dealing in securities through stockbroker. The broker and sub-broker should enter into an agreement in which obligations of both should be specified. Sub-broker must be registered SEBI for a dealing in securities. For getting registered with SEBI , he must fulfill certain rules and regulation. 3. ) Market Makers Market maker is a designated specialist in the specified securities. They make both bid and offer at the same time. A market maker has to abide by bye-laws, rules regulations of the concerned stock exchange. He is exempt from the margin requirements. As per the listing requirements, a company where the paid-up capital is Rs. 3 crore but not more than Rs. 5 crore and having a commercial operation for less than 2 years should appoint a market maker at the time of issue of securities. 4. ) Portfolio consultants A combination of securities such as stocks, bonds and money market instruments is collectively called as portfolio. Whereas the portfolio consultants are the persons, firms or companies who advise, direct or undertake the management or administration of securities or funds on behalf of their clients. THEORY OF SHARE MARKET Stock Exchange: A common platform where buyers and sellers come together to transact in shares and stocks. Electronic Trading: Eliminates the need for physical trading floors. Brokers can trade from their offices using fully automated screen based processes. Their workstations are connected to a stock exchange’s central computer via satellite using Very Small Aperture Terminus (VSATs). The orders placed by the brokers reach the exchange’s central computer and are matched electronically. Stock Exchanges in India: The stock exchange Mumbai (BSE) and National Stock Exchange (NSE) are the country’s two leading stock exchanges. There are 20 other regional stock exchanges connected via Interconnected Stock exchange (ICSE). Index: An Index is a comprehensive measure of market trends intended for investors who are concerned with general stock market price movements. An index comprises stocks that have large liquidity and market capitalization. At NSE, the capitalization of NIFTY (fifty selected stocks) is takes as a base capitalization, with the value set at 1000. Similarly BSE sensitivity index consists of 30 stocks. The index value compares the day’s market capitalization vis-a-vis base capitalization and indicates how prices in general have move over a period of time. Stock: In financial market, stock refers to the supply of money that a company has raised. This supply comes from the people who have given the company money in hope that the company will make their money grow. Bears and Bulls: Bears are cautious animals who don’t like to move too fast. Bulls are bold who might charge right ahead. An investor is said to be bearish if he or she believes that the stock market will go down. A bearish investor will buy the stock cautiously. A â€Å"Bullish† investor believes that the market will go up. He or she will charge ahead and put more money into the market. An investor can be bearish or bullish about a particular kind of stock. Likewise the term â€Å"Bear Market† describes the time the stock prices have been falling on the whole. A â€Å"Bull Market† is a period when stock prices are generally rising. Dematerialization: What is a Demat? Demat is commonly used abbreviation of Dematerialsation, which is a process whereby securities like shares and debentures are converted from material (paper documents) into electronic data and stored into computers of an Electronic Depository. Requirements to Open a Demat Account: 1) PAN Card 2) Cancelled Cheque 3) Address Proof 4) Photo ID Proof trading: It is defined as a function when an investor buys or sells in the market. BUYING: 1. An investor gets order executed and makes payment to the broker. 2. Investor instructs his Depository Participant to expect credit on settlement day. Broker instructs his DP to debit his Clearing Member account on settlement day. 3. Before settlement day Broker makes payment to clearinghouse through Clearing Bank. 4. On settlement day clearing house releases shares to broker’s Clearing Member account which is then transferred to investors account through NSDL (National Securities Depository Limited). Investor gets credit in his account. Selling: 1. An investor gets order executed. 2. Investor instructs his Depository Participant to debit his account with immediate effect. The shares move from investors account to Brokers Clearing Member account via NSDL. A Broker clearing member accounts is credited. 3. Before settlement day broker transfers shares from his clearing member account to Clearinghouse via NSDL. His account is debited. 4. On settlement day Broker receives payment from clearing house which he passes on to the investor. Intraday Based Trading: Day trading refers to the practice of buying and selling financial instruments within the same trading day such that all positions will usually (not necessarily always) be closed before the market close of the trading day. This is the opposite of After-hours trading. Traders that participate in day trading are called day traders. Delivery Based Trading: Delivery based trading involves buying shares on a market day, holding them and selling them only after receiving the delivery of those shares in demat account. ONLINE SHARE TRADING: Online Trading involves investment activity which takes place over the internet and it does not require physical inclusion of broker. An investor has to register with an online trading portal like Sharekhan. com, India Infoline. om and many companies like that and investor gets into an agreement with the firm to trade in different securities according to terms and conditions in the agreement. As the servers of the online portal are connected all the time to the stock exchange and designated banks the order processing is done in real time and the investors can also have updates on trading. They can also check the status of their order either through e-mails or through interf ace that it cannot be accessed by the third party. Some options are usually given to the users such as to link their bank account, Demat accounts and Brokerage account into a single interface. A single window is there for all exchanges and a single screen is there for the complete order routing mechanism. There are two broad models in play in the online brokerage space- 1) Bank-backed firms 2) Entrepreneur- floated firms Bank-backed firms: Bank-backed firms such as ICICIdirect. com and HDFC Securities have expanded on the basis of their brand name and trust of investors in them. The integrated 3-in-1 account offered by these companies help their parent bank by giving it accounts along with float income. Entrepreneurship-floated firms: Companies like India Infoline, Sharekhan, IndiaBulls, Religare and Karvy have expanded by offering the customers a mix of online and offline accounts, higher margin finance amount and lower brokerage rates. Advantages of Online Trading: 1) Provides with the freedom of information Through internet an investor can – ? Know the price of any stock he desires at any point of time on the internet. ? An investor can review the price history of any stock in the chart format online. ? The investor can follow in depth the events happening in the market. ? Consult with other online investors in any part of the world. Conduct extensive financial research of any company he desires. 2) Ensures the best price for the investors. 3) Provides instant trade execution 4) Provides level playing field. 5) Keeps information secure. 6) Instant order trade confirmation. 7) Consult on line help desk for queries. Disadvantages of Online Trading: 1) Brokerage is high as compared to off line 2) Privacy ca n be less due to hacking scandals. 3) Transactional errors due to technical problems. MAJOR PLAYERS OF INDIA The following are the major players: ? A. G. Shares & Securities ? India Bulls ? India Infoline ? Karvy Share khan ? ICICIDirect ? Motilal oswal Secureties ? Religare ? HDFC Securities ? Reliance Money A. G. SHARES & SECURITIES: A. G. Shares & Securities Ltd. (AGSSL)-(Sister Concern of India Casting Company) – a saga of success. Form a modest beginning in 1995 the Company has grown by leaps and bounds under the stewardship of Mr. Ajay Kumar Agarwal (Managing Director). AGSSL is an one stop shop providing gamut of financial services which include on line trading in NSE & Depository Services and Dematerialization of eligible securities, disbursement of corporate action benefits viz. non –cash benefits to the beneficial owner, settlement of securities traded on exchanges, pledging and hypothecation of eligible securities, stock lending and borrowings. Their sister concern namely â€Å" Seema Securities Pvt Ltd. â€Å" a member of BSE is providing various exclusive financial services related to BSE like on-line trading sale and purchase of Debenture, Shares, Warrants, sale and purchase of Shares. The other sister concern GKSSL having membership of NCDEX is also giving extra opportunity of clients to trade in most valuable exchanges. Products & Services: ? Broking with NSE in Cash Market Broking with BSE in Cash Market ? Dealing in Derivative trading in NSE & BSE ? NSDL Service ? CDSL Service ? Cash on sale ? Update services ? NCDEX Service ? MCX service INDIABULLS SECURITIES LIMITED Indiabulls Securities Limited was incorporated as GPF Securities Private Limited on June 9, 1995. The name of the company was changed to Orbis Securities Private Limited on December 15, 1995 to change the profile of the company and subsequently due to the conversion of the company into a public limited company; the name was further changed to Orbis Securities Lim ited on January 5, 2004. The name of the company was again changed to Indiabulls Securities Limited on February 16, 2004 so as to capitalize on the brand image of the term â€Å"Indiabulls† in the company name. ISL is a corporate member of capital market & derivative segment of The National Stock Exchange of India Ltd. At present, ISL accounts for approximately 3% of the total daily turnover of the Exchange with 32,359 client relationships and 70 branches spread across the country as of April 30, 2004. Products Offered by Indiabulls: ? Equity & Debt Stock Broking ? Insurance ? Commodity trading ? Depository Services ? Derivatives Broking Services Equity Research Services ? Mutual Fund Distribution ? IPO Distribution Type of Account Indiabulls Equity Trading Account Indiabulls Equity Trading Account is standard Online trading account from India bulls and along with online trading it also provides priority telephone access that gives you direct access to your Relationship Manager and full access to â₠¬ËœIndiabulls Equity Analysis'. Application Trading Terminal(Need Installation) Power Indiabulls Power Indiabulls trading terminal is the most advanced new generation trading platform with great speed. This trading terminal is built in JAVA. Power Indiabulls is extremely reach in features including Live Streaming Quotes, Fast Order Entry and execution, Tic by Tic Live Charts, Technical Analysis, Live News and Alerts, Extensive Reports for Real-time Accounting. Brokerage and fees : 1. Account opening fees : Rs 1200/- (One time non-refundable) as below: 250/- Equity Trading Account opening charge 200/- Demat Account opening charge 750/- Software changes Advantages of Indiabulls Equity Trading Account 1. Brokerage is less compare to other online trading companies. 2. Provide trading terminal ‘powerbulls', a java based software. It's very fast in terms of speed and execution INDIAINFOLINE SECURITY PRIVATE LTD India Infoline. com Securities Pvt. Ltd. is a wholly owned subsidiary of India Infoline. com Ltd and is the stock broking arm of India Infoline. com. The subsidiary was formed to comply with regulatory guidelines. www. 5paisa. com is a focused website for online stock market trading. 5paisa. com is a trade name owned by the India Infoline. com group. IILSPL has applied for trading membership of the BSE under Securities and Exchange Board of India (Stock Brokers and Sub-Brokers) Rules 1992. IILSPL is in the business of providing broking services online via the Internet (â€Å"E-broking Services†) and has been permitted by the NSE by way of registration permission no: NSEIL/CMO/INET/1103/2000 dated 03/July/2000, and will be applying for permission to the BSE, to provide E-broking Services to its clients. IILSPL is a TRADING MEMBER of the National Stock Exchange of India. Products Offered by IILSPL: ? Stock market: IILSPL deals in stock market by trading in equity and derivatives. ? Personal finance: It Deals In Mutual Fund and Insurance. ? Online Trading: It provides services in stock and commodity trading (through Internet). Trade In: BSE and NSE Trading Terminals: 5Paisa offers 2 different online trading terminals to its customers: Investor Terminal (IT) Investor Terminal is 5Paisa's equity trading terminal for low volume trader. This is web based terminal and could access from anywhere. This product provides limited features in comparison of Trader Terminal, which is another product provided by 5Paisa. Trader Terminal (TT) Trader Terminal is design for high volume equity traders or day traders. Trader Terminal provides high volume trading with powerful interface and fast order execution. Few popular features of trader terminal are: Fast trade execution with instant trade confirmation. o Live streaming quotes and price watch on any number of stocks. o Intra day charts, updated live, tick-by-tick. o Live margin, position, marked to market profit & loss report. o Set any number of price alerts on any number of scrips. o Flexibility to customize screen layout and setting. o Facility to customize any number of portfolios & watch lists. o Facility to cancel all pending orders at one click. o Facility to square off all transactions at one click. o Top Gainers, Top Losers, Most Active, updated live. o Index information; index chart, index stock information live. Market depth, i. e. Best 5 bids and offers, updated live for all stocks. o Online access to both accounts and DP to check live updated Order and Trade Book. o Facility to place after market orders. o Online fund transfer facility from leading Banks including ICICI, HDFC, CITI and UTI banks. o Online intra-day technical calls. o Historical charts and technical analysis tools. o India Infoline's world – acclaimed news service and research. o and many more. Brokerage and Account opening fees: 1. Account opening fees: Rs 500/- one time non refundable. 2. 5 paisa offer competitive rates. They charge only 5 paisa for Rs 100 of trade done, which is 0. 05%. brokerage. In case of trade that result in delivery, they charge an additional 0. 20% for back office and securities handling. Advantages of 5paisa 1. Very fast execution speed. 2. Rates are very competitive then other providers. 3. Easy online fund transfer facility from leading Banks including ICICI, HDFC, CITI and UTI banks. 4. Free facility of subscribing to mutual funds, equity IPOs and other investment products. Disadvantages of 5paisa 1. No intra-day tick by tick charts in Investor Terminal (IT). 2. Investing in IPO and Mutual Funds is not so easy like in ICICIDirect. . Learning 5paisa Trading Terminal is little hard. IPO / Mutual Funds investment through 5Paisa (IndiaInfoLine) 1. 5Paisa provides free facility of subscribing to mutual funds, equity IPOs and other investment products using internet banking account of ICICI, HDFC, CITI and UTI banks. 2. Registered users with 5Paisa can logon to following website to apply in an IPO: http://www. indiainfoline. com/ipo 3. While applying for IPO shares online through 5Paisa, Investor are taken to there corresponding banks homepage. Investors can use there net banking user id & password & transfer funds directly using any of these banks. . 5Paisa members can use the similar steps to invest in Mutual Funds online. KARVY GROUP Karvy is a premier integrated financial services provider, and ranked among the top five in the country in all its business segments, services over 16 million individual investors in various capacities, and provides investor services to over 300 corporate in India. Karvy has a professional management team and ranks among the best in technology, operations and research of various industrial segments. History of Karvy: The birth of Karvy was on a modest scale in 1981. It began with the vision and enterprise of a small group of practicing Chartered Accountants who founded the flagship company, Karvy Consultants Limited. They started with consulting and financial accounting automation and carved inroads into the field of registry and share accounting by 1985. Since then, karvy utilized its experience and superlative expertise to go from strength to strength, to better their services, to innovate, diversify and in the process, evolved as one of India’s premier integrated financial service enterprise. Product & Services Offered by Karvy Group: 1. Financial Products Distribution (Investments/Loans). . Karvy consultant ltd. 3. Karvy merchant banking. 4. Insurance(life/general) 5. Stock Broking 6. Commodities Broking 7. Mutual Funds Services SHAREKHAN: Sharekhan is one of the leading retail brokerage of Citi Venture which is running successfully since 1922 in the country. Earlier it was the retail broking arm of the Mumbai-based SSKI Group, which has over eight decades of experience in the stock broking business. Sharekhan offers its customers a wide range of equity related services including trade execution on BSE, NSE, Derivatives, depository services, online trading, investment advice etc. Sharekhan is one of India's leading financial services companies. They provide a complete life-cycle of investment solution in Equities, Derivatives, Commodities, IPO, Mutual Funds, Depository Services, Portfolio Management Services and Insurance. They also offer personalized wealth management services for High Net worth individuals. With a physical presence in over 300 cities of India through more than 800 â€Å"Share Shops†, and an online presence through Sharekhan. com, India's premier online destination, they reach out to more than 800,000 trading customers. Products Offered by Sharekhan: ? Equity Trading Platform (Online/Offline). ? Commodities Trading Platform (Online/Offline). ? Portfolio Management Service. ? Mutual Fund Advisory and Distribution. ? Insurance Distribution Trade In: BSE and NSE Type of Account Classic Account Trading Terminal ShareKhan Classic account Allow investor to buy and sell stocks online along with the following features like multiple watch lists, Integrated Banking, demat and digital contracts, Real-time portfolio tracking with price alerts and Instant credit & transfer. a. Online trading account for investing in Equities and Derivatives b. Free trading through Phone (Dial-n-Trade) I. Two dedicated numbers for placing your orders with your cellphone or landline. II. Automtic funds tranfer with phone banking (for Citibank and HDFC bank customers) III. Simple and Secure Interactive Voice Response based system for authentication IV. get the trusted, professional advice of our telebrokers V. After hours order placement facility between 8. 00 am and 9. 30 am c. Integration of: Online trading + Bank + Demat account d. Instant cash transfer facility against purchase & sale of shares e. IPO investments f. Instant order and trade confirmations by e-mail g. Single screen interface for cash and derivatives ShareKhan SpeedTrade account This accounts for active traders who trade frequently during the day's trading session. Following are few popular features of SpeedTrade account. h. Single screen interface for cash and derivatives i. Real-time streaming quotes with Instant order Execution & Confirmation j. Hot keys similar to a traditional broker terminal k. Alerts and reminders l. Back-up facility to place trades on Direct Phone lines Brokerage: Some stock trading companies charge direct percentage while others charge a fixed amount per Rs 100. Sharekhan charges 0. 5% for inter day shares and 0. 1% for intra day or you could say Sharekhan charges 50 paise per Rs 100. Advantages of Sharekhan: 1. Online trading is very user friendly and one doesn't need any software to access. 2. They provides good quality of services like daily SMS alerts, mail alerts, stock recommendations etc. 3. Sharekhan has ability to transfer funds from most banks. Unlike ICICI Direct, HDFC Sec, etc. so investor not really needs to open an account with a particular bank as it can establish link with most modern banks. Disadvantages of Sharekhan: 1. They charge minimum brokerage of 10 paisa per stock would not let you trade stocks below 20 rs. (If you trade, you will loose majority of your money in brokerage). 2. Lots of hidden rules and charges. 3. They do not provide facility to book lim it order trades during after-hours. 4. Classic account holders cannot trade commodities. 5. Cannot purchase mutual funds online ICICI DIRECT: ICICIDirect (or ICICIDirect. com) is stock trading company of ICICI Bank. Along with stock trading and trading in derivatives in BSE and NSE, it also provides facility to invest in IPOs, Mutual Funds and Bonds. Trading is available in BSE and NSE. Trade In: BSE and NSE Type of Account ICICIDirect offers 3 different online trading platforms to its customers: 1. Share Trading Account Share Trading Account by ICICIDirect is primarily for buying and selling of stocks in BSE and NSE. This account allows Cash Trading, Margin Trading, MarginPLUS Trading, Spot Trading, Buy Today Sell Tomorrow and Call and Trade on phone. ICICIDirect. com website is the primary trading platform for this trading account. They also provide installable application terminal based application for high volume trader. 2. Wise Investment Account Along with stock trading and IPO investing in BSE and NSE, Wise Investment account also provide options to invest in Mutual Funds and Bonds online. Online Mutual funds investment allows investor to invest on-line in around 19 Mutual Fund companies. ICICI Direct offers various options while investing in Mutual Funds like Purchase Mutual Fund, Redemption and switch between different schemes, Systematic Investment plans, Systematic withdrawal plan and transferring existing Mutual Funds in to electronic mode. This account also provides facility to invest in Government of India Bonds and ICICI Bank Tax Saving Bonds. ICICIDirect. com website is the primary tool to invest in Mutual Funds, IPOs, Bonds and stock trading. 3. Active Trader Account Active Trader account gives more personalized investment options to the investors. It allows investor to use online and offline stock trading. It also provides with independent market expertise and support through a dedicated Relationship Manager from ICICI. Active Trader also provides commodity trading. Brokerage and fees 1. Account opening fees : Rs 750/- (One time non-refundable) 2. Brokerage : ICICIDirect. com brokerage varies on volume of trade and inclusive of demat transaction charges, service taxes and courier charges for contract notes. It ranges from 0. 1% to 0. 15% for margin trades, 0. 2% to 0. 425% for squared off trades and 0. 4% to 0. 85% on delivery based trades. Advantages of ICICIDirect 1. 3-in-1 account integrates your banking, broking and demat accounts. All accounts are from ICICI and very well integrated. This feature makes ICICI the most interesting player in online trading facility. There is absolutely no manual interfere require. This is truly online trading environment. 2. Unlike most of the online trading companies in India which require transferring money to the broker's pool or towards deposits, at ICICIDirect you can manage your own demat and bank accounts through ICICIdirect. com. Money from selling stock is available in ICICI bank account as soon as the ICICIDirect receive it. 3. Investment online in IPOs, Mutual Funds, GOI Bonds, and Postal Savings Schemes all from one website. General Insurance is also available from ICICI Lombard. 4. Trading is available in both BSE and NSE. Disadvantages of ICICIDirect 1. Getting access to ICICIDirect. com website during market session can be frustrating. 2. ICICIDirect brokerage is high and not negotiable. 3. Not all stocks are available under Margin Plus. MOTILAL OSWAL SECURITIES: Incorporated in 1987, Motilal Oswal Securities Ltd is a well diversified financial services firm offering a range of financial products and services such as Wealth Management, Broking & Distribution, Commodity Broking, Portfolio Management Services, Institutional Equities, Private Equity, Investment Banking Services and Principal Strategies. Company have a diversified client base that includes retail customers (including High Net worth Individuals), mutual funds, foreign institutional investors, financial institutions and corporate clients. They are headquartered in Mumbai and as of September 30th, 2009, had a network spread over 576 cities and towns comprising 1,257 Business Locations operated by them. As at September 30th, 2009, company had 5,80,667 registered customers. Type of Account Most E-Broking MOSt E-Broking is complete online stock trading solution for Indiaian stock market. Following are the features of MOSt E-Broking account: o Easy single screen trader with instant trade confirmation similar to exchange based trading terminals. o Access to various online reports like margin report, Demat A/c details, trades executed, turnover report, net position report with mark to market profit/loss and realized profit. o Online transfer funds through HDFC Bank Awards 1. 2005, Asiamoney Brokers ranked MOSt the best Indian brokerage firm in India. 2. March 2006, AQ Research declared MOSt the best research house for Indian stocks. RELIGARE : Religare Enterprises Limited is Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited promoted financial product and service provider company. Religare provide its service in three different segments including Retail, Wealth management and the Institutional spectrum. Company offers wide range of services including equities, commodities, insurance broking, wealth advisory, portfolio management services, personal finance services, Investment banking and institutional broking services. Religare retail network has more than 900 locations in 300 cities and towns in India. Religare provides the online gateway to their investors so investor can trade online in Equities, Commodities, apply for IPOs, invest in Mutual Funds, and buy Insurance. Religare Securities Limited (RSL) is a subsidiary company of Religare Enterprises Ltd and involve in equity related services include online trading at BSE and NSE, Derivatives, commodities, IPO, Mutual fund, Investment banking and institutional broking services. People who wonder where Religare word came from, it's a Latin word meaning ‘to bind together'. Type of Account Religare offers its wide range of financial services though a sophisticated and customized trading platform – R-ACE (Religare Advanced Client Engine). Below are 3 flavors of R-ACE accounts available to the investors. 1. R-ACE (Basic) R-ACE (Religare Advanced Client Engine) the basic online trading account provided by Religare. Investor can trade and access their account information online and over the phone as well. This account comes with a browser based online trading platform and no additional software installation needed. 2. R-ACE Lite (Advanced) R-ACE Lite is the advanced trading platform for the investor of Religare. This trading account provides the entire feature of R-ACE (Basic) account. In addition it also provides real-time streaming stock quotes and alerts. This trading platform is also browser based and no software installation is needed. 3. R-ACE Pro (Professional) As the name indicates this account is for high volume traders. Along with the features from above 2 accounts, this account also comes with Trading Terminal software which needs to install on your computer. This terminal directly connects the investor to stock market and having all industry standard Treading terminal features including technical charting (intra-day and EOD), multiple watch list, advanced hot-key functions for faster trading, derivative chains, futures & options calculator etc. As in basic and advance account, trading is available online through internet and offline though phone. Brokerage and Account opening fees: Religare offers three kinds of accounts as above. Below are detail about fees and activation charges for each account: 1. R-ACE Account activation charges Rs. 299/-. Minimum margin of Rs. 5000/- required. 2. R-ACE Lite Account activation charges Rs. 499/-. Minimum margin of Rs. 5000/- required. 3. R-ACE Pro Account activation charges Rs. 999/-. Minimum margin of Rs. 10,000/- required. 4. Brokerage at Religare On the basis of volume and frequency of trading, Religare provide different options for brokerages. On the broader way they divided into three categories: o Classic Account Intraday brokerage varies from 0. 03% to 0. 05%. Delivery brokerage varies from 0. 30% to 0. 50%. Derivatives brokerage varies from 0. 3% to 0. 5%. o Classic Plus Fees: Rs 600 Validity Period 6 Months Intraday brokerage varies from 0. 03% to 0. 05%. Delivery brokerage varies from 0. 30% to 0. 50%. o Freedom Account In this payment plan, investor has to pay a fix amount in advance for Monthly (Rs 500), Quarterly (Rs. 1400), Half-yearly (Rs 2500) or Annual Subscription (Rs 4000). This one time payment enable account holder to trade for Rs. 3,00,000 intraday & derivative trading and Rs. 40,000 of delivery based trading for zero brokerage. o Trump Account Trump account has four payment options, Trump Plus, Trump Super, Trump Star and Trump Super Star plan. ? Trump Plus has annual subscription fees of Rs 2,500, Brokerage on Delivery Trades is 0. 25% and Brokerage on Intraday Trades & F Trades is 0. 025%. ? Trump Super has annual subscription fees of Rs. 15,000, Brokerage on Delivery Trades is 0. 15% and Brokerage on Intraday Trades & F Trades is 0. 015%. ? Trump Star has annual subscription fees of Rs. 50,000, Brokerage on Delivery Trades is 0. 10%, Brokerage on Intraday Trades is 0. 01% and Brokerage on Future Trades is 0. 08%. ? Trump Super Star has annual subscription fees of Rs. 1,00,000, Brokerage on Delivery Trades is 0. 10% and Brokerage on Intraday Trades & F Trades is 0. 005%. Advantages of Religare 1. Religare gives interest on unutilized cash when investor is waiting to make next trade or online investment. 2. They provide intraday reports and historical charting. 3. Varity of fee structure to fulfill need of different type of investors HDFC SECURITIES: HDFC Securities(HDFCsec) is Equity Trading Company of HDFC Bank. HDFC Securities provide both online trading and trading on phone. The HDFC Securities trading account has a unique 3-in-1 feature that integrates your HDFC Securities trading account with your existing HDFC bank savings account and existing Demat account. Funds / shares are seamlessly moved from the linked Demat/Bank account to execute the transactions. HDFCsec provides Cash-n-Carry on both NSE and BSE, Day trading on both NSE and BSE, Trade on Futures & Options on the NSE and Online IPO Investment. Features on HDFC Securities Online trading : 1. Seamless Transactions – By integrating your accounts, we ensure minimal waste of time during movement of your funds and shares. . Speed – Orders are placed electronically, so proceeds are available instantly. 3. No manipulation – To prevent any mismanagement, we will send you an email confirmation, the minute your order is executed. 4. Safety and Security – HDFC Securities offer the highest level of security such as 128-bit encryption technology. 5. Dedicated and Separate contac t numbers – for trading over the phone as well as for customer care. RELIANCE MONEY: Reliance Money, A Reliance Capital Limited Company, is the financial services division of Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani (ADA) Group. Reliance ADA group is among top 3 business houses in India with wide range of presence across various sectors. Group’s major interests ranges from communications (Reliance Communications) and financial services (Reliance Capital Ltd), to generation, transmission and distribution of power (Reliance Energy), infrastructure and entertainment. Reliance Money has over 22 lakhs customers and more then 10'000 branches in around 5000 cities in India. Company is among the largest broking and distribution house of financial products and having share of more then 3% of total stock market volume at BSE & NSE. RelianceMoney. com is the web based investment portal (with Online Stock Trading) from Reliance Money. This website enables its customer to invest & manage most of the services provided by Reliance Money including Equity (Stock) Trading, Commodity Trading, Derivatives, Mutual Fund Investment, IPO Investment, Life Insurances, General insurances, Money Transfer, Forex exchange, Gold Coins and Credit Cards Services. Company recently entered in to Wealth Management with tools like investment in equity-linked portfolio management services, structured products, insurance and mutual funds. The Reliance Money stock trading websites uses special security features ‘Security Token', which makes your online trading experience more secure without complexity. Stock Trading through RelianceMoney. com is available for BSE and NSE stock exchanges. Offline trading is also available through Reliance Money partners in more then 5000 city across India and through phone by dialing 022-39886000. Investment Options The investment options available with Reliance Money online portal are as below: 1. Equity (Stock) Trading at BSE, NSE and NSE F&O 2. IPO Investment 3. Derivatives Trading 4. Forex Trading 5. Commodity Trading(Gold, Silver, Crude etc†¦. ) at MCX, NCDEX and NMCE (FAQ's) 6. Mutual Fund Investment 7. Life & General Insurance 8. ‘Pure Swiss' Gold Coins (99. 99% pure, 24 carat) Trading Platforms Reliance Money provides 3 different trading platforms for equity trading: 1. Insta Trade 2. Fast Trade 3. Easytrade Reliance Money Technical Analysis (A paid service) Relance Money offers a simplified, automated, sophisticated technical analysis to Indian retail broking consumers with the help of Recognia's Technical Analysis tools. Recognia, a Canada based company, has proprietary pattern recognition technology capable of recognizing patterns in the price charts of any publicly traded financial instrument including stocks, bonds, funds, commodities, currencies and indexes. The technical services are available for introductory free 7-day trail period to Reliance Money users. Post the trail period, this service is available to users at a nominal subscription of Rs. 99 for 3 months/ Rs. 179 for 6 months/ Rs. 299 for a year, i. e. , less than Re 1 a day. Reliance Money Brokerage and fees: Reliance Money offers lowest brokerage rates in today's online stock trading industry in India. The brokerages are as low as 0. 075% for delivery based trading and 0. 02 for now delivery. For more detail about Reliance Money’s brokerage and fees visit the below section of this webpage. Reliance Money Demat Account Charges: |Fee Head |DP Charges | |Annual Services Charges – For Individuals / HUFs / Trust |Rs. 0/- | |Annual Services Charges – For NRIs / Foreign Nationals, Corporates / Others |Rs. 1000/- | |Transaction Charges – SELL (Market & Off Market) |Rs. 25/- | |For instructions given in physical form. | | |Transaction Charges – SELL (Market & Off Market) |Rs. 12/- | |For instructions received through Internet/ online trading through Reliance Securities Ltd. | Advantages of Reliance Money 1. Extra security features with ‘Security Token†, which is the most secure and tested technology in computer world. 2. Simple, easy and fast onlin e stock trading. 3. Almost all investment options are available under one account including Equity Trading, Derivatives, Forex, Commodity, IPO, Mutual Funds and Insurance. 4. Branches are available in all major cities and the number is growing. METHODOLOGY OF STUDY Research can be defined as a systemized effort to gain new knowledge. A research is carried out by different methodologies which have their own pros and cons. Research methodology is a way to solve research in study and solving research problems along with logic behind them are defined through research methodology. Thus while talking about research methodologies we are not only talking of research methods but also consider the logic behind the methods. We are in context of our research studies and explain why it is being used a particular method or technique and why the others are not used. So that research result is capable of being evaluated either by researcher himself or by others. Research Methodology: Research has its special significance in solving various operational and planning problems of business and industry. Research methodology is a way to systematically analyze the research problem. Sampling Methods: A sample is the representative of the population which will predict the behavior of the whole universe While deciding about the method of data collection to be used for the study the researcher should keep two types of data. . Primary Data. 2. Secondary Data. We use in our research secondary data. Primary means collected a fresh, and the first time data and secondary means which are already available like annual report, magazines etc. Limitations: Every work has its own limitations. Limitations are extent to which the process should not exceed. The following limitations for the project are: ? Data taken was secondary ? A time constraint has also become a maj or limitation ? Complete data was not available due to company privacy and secrecy Objectives of Study: Understand basics of Online Stock Market Trading in India. ? Provide detail about popular online stock trading companies in India. ? Compare and discuss about stock trading websites, their products and services ? To study the awareness of people towards online trading & demat account. ? To study customer satisfaction towards operating expenses of online trading. ? To study the client’s satisfaction towards network security & security of their money. CONCLUSION ? The brokerage rates of A. G. Shares and Securities are maximum, i. . 9 paisa intraday and 90 paisa delivery while brokerage rates of Reliance Money are minimum, i. e. 2 paisa intraday and 7. 5 paisa delivery rate. ? The account opening charges for Indiabulls is maximum while it is nil at India Infoline, Sharekhan and HDFC Securities. ? The AMC at India bulls and Sharekhan are Nil while maximum in Religare Rs 1200 p. aOn the basis of our analysis Reliance Money is the best online trading account because it charges minimum brokerage rates and less annual maintenance charges ? Branches are available in all major cities and the number is growing ? It is very difficult to find out the best online trading account but in a web survey ICICIDirect was founded the best online trading account. ? Second no. was given to India infoline REFERENCE 1) http://www. chittorgarh. com/newportal/online-stock-brokers-list. asp 2) www. indiainfoline. com 3) www. 5paisa. com 4) www. sharekhan. com 5) www. indiabulls. com 6) www. agssl. com 7) www. karvy. com 8) www. wikipedia. com [pic]

Authentic materials as supplementary materials

Authentic materials as supplementary materials Plagiarism is a practice that involves the using of another person’s intellectual output and presenting it as one’s own’. This includes the presentation of work that has been copied, in whole or part, from other sources (including other students’ work, published books or periodicals, or unpublished works or unauthorized collaboration with other persons), without due acknowledgement. A student found guilty of plagiarism will be subject to some or all of the following: Referral to Course Coordinator for: counseling; submission of further work; use of the services of Student Learning Unit; the placing of a record of the alleged infringement on the student’s file. Referral of the matter to the Head of School for: issuing of written warning; re-submission of work for assessment or the undertaking of another form of assessment such as an oral or unseen examination; allocation of a fail grade to part or all of the assessment; allocation a fail grade to th e subject. Referral of the matter to the Dean for: suspension from the course; official disciplinary action by the University Disciplinary Committee Student Declaration I declare that this assignment is original and has not been submitted for assessment elsewhere. I declare that this assignment is my own work and does not involve plagiarism or collusion. I give my consent for the electronic version to be examined by relevant plagiarism software programs. I have made a photocopy or electronic copy of my assignment, which I can produce if the original is lost for any reason. Signed: ___________ ____________ Dated: / / How to submit Your assignment Students are required to submit their assignment to their lecturer. This should be done in class, but can be done via email or via the mail with prior agreement from the lecturer. Students should ensure they are aware of how and when to submit their assignment by checking with their lecturer before the due date. How to Collect Your Marked As signment Your work should be collected from the lecturer in class or from the VU-HANU Program Coordinator in HCM City, Ms. Nguyen Thi Thanh Ha or in Hanoi, Ms. Nguyen Thai Ha. If work is not returned in class or prior to the end of semester please contact your lecturer or the program coordinator (Mr. Martyn Brogan ) More information about Plagiarism is available from the Faculty of Arts, Education and Human Development Student Information Website: http://www.vu.edu.au/Faculties_and_TAFE/Arts_Education_and_Human_Development/Current_Students/Undergraduates/Faculty_Student_Forms/indexdl_88408.aspx TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I Introduction Research questions CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW Text book 2.1.1 Textbook Description 2.1.2 Textbook Evaluation 2.2 Authentic materials for ESP course book 2.2.4. The role of reading materials 2.2.1. Definition of authentic materials 2.2.2. The role of authentic materials 2.2.3. Advantages of authentic materials 2.2.5. The criteria of selecting readin g authentic materials 2.3. Applying authentic materials in extensive reading program 2.3.1. Applying authentic materials in extensive reading program 2.3.2. Post-reading activities 2.4. Motivations 2.4.1. Definition of motivation 2.4.2. Factors effecting motivation CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY 3.1 Kind of research 3.2 Participants 3.2.1 The researcher 3.2.2 Selection of the subject 3.3 Data collection instruments

Budgeting and customer satisfaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Budgeting and customer satisfaction - Essay Example There are some factors and approaches that Duma may need to focus on/adopt in order to maintain or even increase its market share in terms of attracting more customers. Discuss these factors and approaches and how they may be used by Duma corporation. In order for Duma to expand on its market, Duma Corporation has to adopt strategic management in its operations. With strategic management, the company has to start with setting a mission, vision, and corporate objectives, and then crafting a strategy in order for the company to thrive in its chosen industry. Strategic management entails application of strategic marketing, strategic finance, strategic human resource management and other functions of the company's operations. Strategic marketing will be the front-runner of the company's efforts in order to attract more customers, and increase its market share in the process. How does the company do this' It has to assess the current level of the demand in the market, as well as the supply. Given the gap in the market, it can set a certain level of market share which it aims to capture as its marketing objective. This target market share is transformed into sales objectives. After determining its marketing objectives, the ... This target market share is transformed into sales objectives. After determining its marketing objectives, the company can craft its marketing strategy. It must set criteria to segment the market, such as profitability as it cannot please all the customers (Duncan 2005). After knowing the segments and targeting a segment where it want to operate, the company must know what the attributes are customers give premium on when choosing specialist photocopiers. Armed with this knowledge, the company can position itself according to the preferences of consumers. This positioning, or what the company stands for as regards its offer should set a level of expectation for the market. Satisfaction of its current customers is key to retaining its market share; satisfaction occurs when the level of expectation of the customers is exceeded (Pickton & Broderick 2001). Thus, Duma corporation must exceed what customers expect of its product in order to satisfy them, make them loyal to the brand or product of the company, or in extreme cases, advocate the brand which can help the company acquire more customers in the process. It is very usual that positive word of mouth can accompany high levels of customer satisfaction (Duncan 2005), and this positive word of mouth is a very powerful marketing communications tool in order for Duma to reach and convert other customers to joining its customer base. Customer satisfaction by providing satisfactory product and services is key for Duma to maintain its market share. This customer-centric approach to marketing is can only be accomplished by investing in consumer research in order to probe for the preferences of the customers (Pickton & Broderick 2001). Without knowing what the customers

PetMeds Feedback Loops Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PetMeds Feedback Loops - Case Study Example In order to understand the applicability of feedback loops in an organization, one must consider the organizational structure of the company and identify the different feedback loops executed within. The organizational structure of the company is composed of four core departments - customer care, warehouse, pharmacy and corporate departments. The structure is designed in a way to provide direct business processes for the success of the company. Several systems practiced by the company such as customer relationship management and performance management provide a complete loop in the operations of a department as well as the overall process of its business. This paper focuses on two types of feedback loops that is currently practiced in the organization. The two types identified are balancing loop and reinforcing loop. A balancing loop contains a current state, action and desired state. The action attempts to bring two things, the current state and the desired state, into an agreement. On the other hand, the reinforcing loop composes of an action and the result. The action produces a result. The result then promotes more of the same action. (Bellinger, 2004) PetMeds implements a customer relationship management system in the customer care department. The customer relationship management practice of the company is an example of the reinforcing feedback loop. ... It involves several functions, processes and results. However, for purposes of this paper, a simple loop is identified. An example of such loop is how the marketers of the company promote the products in order to generate sales for the company. The marketers publicize the products through advertising in the tri-media such as television, print and radio as well as through the Internet. Their aim is to attract new customers as well as encourage existing customers into buying more of the company's products. The strategies implemented by the marketers are examples of actions in the reinforcing loop. Below is a simplified feedback loop that illustrates the customer relationship management system. Figure . Customer Relationship Management System As a result of the different marketing strategies of the company, customers choose PetMeds products and ultimately generate sales and revenue for the company. Satisfied customers reorder the products. As for new customers, the different promotions of the marketers will influence their buying preference and behavior. The satisfaction levels of the customers are measured in the customer relationship management system. The measurements are then feedback to the customer care department as well as the marketers in order to evaluate the effectiveness of their marketing strategies. The evaluation then becomes the basis for the next marketing strategies that would be implemented and promoted. Performance Management System The performance management system is another type of feedback loop that is being utilized by PetMeds. This type of loop can be considered as a balancing loop. Every year, the company identifies critical success factors for their overall business as well as each department. These factors become the

Summarize the article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Summarize the article - Essay Example Learning context is set on the terms of the importance of L1 and L2 within the learning context. This later on affects the functional roles and area of use put for L1 and L2. L2 language is compared across four different language-learning contexts that represent four separate positions on the second language (SL)-foreign language (FL) context range. Findings show that learners most close to the second language end of the range outperform the learners in the three other contexts on most aspects of L2 proficiency investigated. Studies of L2 learning in a wide range of contexts make an important contribution to the understanding of the complexity and richness of the SLA phenomenon. Identifying and understanding the impact of contextual discrepancy on the L2 learning process depends on the quality of the measurement practices used. According to Norris and Ortega (2009), measure practices in SLA research should capture the fully integrated ecology of complexity, accuracy and fluency (CAF) development in specific contexts over time. This helps us understand why and how language develops within them or does not develop within them. There are other factors that promote various types of learning and outcomes not only the context. Factors like the quality of experiences, efforts invested to use the L2 that makes one learning context superior to the other in relation to the L2 development and the nature of the input and output conditions. An instruction has a strong effect and influences the rate of outcome of the L2 acquisition. The main assumption in this study is that the natural/second language/study abroad contexts offer more favorable opportunities for L2 learning which results in higher L2 proficiency and more favorable socio-psychological disposition than foreign language. The trend from this research is that natural second language contexts are more likely to improve oral fluency, lexical

Legal Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legal Theory - Essay Example These ideas and ideologies have assumed a global and even pan-human application. When applied they claim a universalism. When dissected, however, they show themselves to have a decidedly Western origin and influence. This has been shown to be the case in the global spread of various ideas and power systems like democracy, capitalism, industrialisation, colonialism, internationalism, and even socialism. The global reach of many of these ideologies and social structures inevitably incited reaction and dissent. Capitalism spawned socialism. Industrialisation gave way to workers movements. Colonialism yielded to Third World political rumblings and international ideologies like global Marxism, Pan-Africanism, and Pan-Arabism (to mention a few). To all this must be added twentieth century feminism. Though it may seem an oversimplification, much of twentieth century feminism sought to voice a discourse largely critical of the sexual inequality inherent in capitalism, be it in its national and/or its international forms. From the viewpoint of Marxism, the State is ‘a reflection, if not the instrument, of the power of the dominant economic class’ (Newman 2004, 141). From a gender perspective, the State largely mirrors the interests of males vis-a-vis females on an individualised basis. The modern State of capitalist society lies at the centre of what feminism sees as the tyran nical, patriarchal system of domination over the bodies and lives of women. This same State figures prominently in the structure of globalisation which has served to propagate Western power systems across the globe. Whether one approaches the role and place of women from an international, global perspective or from an individual State perspective, the question for feminists is for the most part a matter of the imposition of power and the limitation and circumscription of female individual autonomy. With respect to prostitution, particularly its criminalisation, the State

RAS AL KHAIMAH MEDICAL DISTRECT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

RAS AL KHAIMAH MEDICAL DISTRECT - Essay Example The employee’s salaries are very low and hence they have incentive to make any organizational commitment. In addition to this, the MOH Has not made any efforts to improve their policies and procedures when their employees are concerned neither do they monitor their performance. Hence the MOH faces so many problems that result in poor job satisfaction and poor turnover and in this research we intend to make use of theories to understand these problems in a better light and find some solutions to them. 1. Problems faced in the ministry This project focuses on the Ministry of Health in Ras Al Khemiah. Presently, the ministry is facing many problems of which organizational problems are a major part. Some of the problems faced by the Human resources department are that of Organizational behaviour and the implementation of procedures to improve motivation and satisfaction among its employees. Poor organization culture, leadership behaviour between staff and the employers and decreas e in the company turnover due to employee problems. This research is about to understand and analyze the different variables, individual motivation and its causes, the deficiency of the application of human resources, job satisfaction among the employees, organization culture and poor choice of good leadership, poor motivation due to poor job satisfaction. In such a scenario it becomes very important to understand the causes leading to such issues so that we can rectify them for better outcomes. Some of the primary causes responsible for poor organizational culture and behaviour are a lack of trust between the employers, managers and the employees, lack of focus and good motivation, poor leadership skills, focus is more on the individual goal than the company goal, intolerance and poor communication between employers, staff and employees. 2. Description of the Company and its choice The Ministry of Health (MOH) is the organization chosen for this research for the following reasons . The Ministry of Health is facing a lot of organizational problems which is the main focus of this study. This research will help students to better understand the behaviour problems that various companies face in the real business world. The Ministry of Health clearly portrays the importance and relationship of each variable such as good leadership qualities and the impact it has on the success or failure of an organization. Group Level, Leadership In the group level analysis, our focus would be on Leadership and how it impacts upon the workplace. According to (Robbins & Judge 2009, p410) Leadership is defined as the ability to impact upon a group working towards the achievement of a specific goal or vision. In (Robins & Judge, 2009) opinion, neither are all leaders managers, nor all managers leaders. Leadership also has the capacity to bring about motivation by influencing the individual towards the success of the organization. This definition of leadership implies that leadership is â€Å"â€Å"the ability of an individual to inspire, motivate, and enable others to contribute to the effectiveness and success of the organization† (House et al 1999, p184) Good leadership is therefore crucial to the success of an organization through increased productivity. Yuki (2010) defines leadership from various perspectives such as Trait Theories, Behavioural Theories, Contingency

Issues in management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Issues in management - Essay Example The primary role responsibility of organizations and institutions is to serve investors (owners) (A High Performance Work Practices Taxonomy 2013). However, CSR gives organizations additional responsibility beyond serving stockholders to include others such as suppliers, employees, clients, the state, the local community, environmental groups, and special interest groups among many more. Stakeholders are all entities affected by the organizations collectively. Most scholars relate the corporate social responsibility with business ethics as much as they remain different concepts. Broadly, the corporate social responsibility includes legal, economic, discretionary, and ethical responsibilities of institutions. On the other hand, business ethics focus on behaviour of groups and individuals in addition to moral adjustments. Thus, this study concentrates on the role of stakeholders with KLM, the Royal Dutch Airlines in perspective. Responsibility appears when an organization or institution accepts a particular duty and proceeds to endorse the duty with behaviours that correspond to the same. In the case of KLM, social responsibility manifests through legal, corporate, and economic efficient actions to recognize a specific responsibility in the community besides the attempt to satisfy social needs (Allen TX 415) . KLM believes in being a

Discuss the difficulties most often encountered in business writing Essay

Discuss the difficulties most often encountered in business writing and how to avoid them - Essay Example Lot of entrepreneurs who undergo the process of business writing usually fails to achieve the target due to the following problems. Many business writers fail to come up with effective business writing due to their failure to identify the reader of their business report (Siljander, 2008). This makes it hard for them to gather the necessary information needed to address the key areas of interest to the readers. During the writing, many students concentrate on giving a lot of explanation in areas that are of less importance to the reader. All this is due to their inability to identify the key potential areas which needs much more explanation. To overcome this, the writers need to know the audience they are addressing in their writing. The writer must be aware whether his writing targets up, down or lateral communication. The writer must know the reader of his or her writing as much as possible. The moment the writer realizes the reader of his writing, and he or she will be in a positio n to address the core problems the reader wants to see solved (Spedding, 2010). For example, if the writer is communicating up the chain of command, then knowing the reader of his writings will be beneficial as it will determine whether her or his writing will be acted upon by the targeted audience. Before engaging in any business writing, the writer should take his or her time to consider the reader preferred communication style. The writer needs to think about how the intended reader communicates with others in the business. Identify whether the intended reader wants the writing to get direct to the point or not. This knowledge of the writer about the intended reader of his message will enable him to know where to put his message, at the beginning or the end. Secondly, during business writing, writers face a monumental problem of deciding on the channel of communication he or she will adopt. This problem appears the moment the writer starts preparing business writing without knowi ng the intended reader (Moore, 2008). To overcome this, once the writer has identified the end reader of his or her business writing, he or she needs to make an informed decision on the channel to be used. Channels of communicating the writing may be divided into two forms, i.e. formal or informal. During the writing, the writer should consider the reader who will pass through his or her information (Butler, 2006). This will help the writer to choose appropriate channel of communication to use. He or she will be in a position to decide whether to use a brochure, letter, e-mail or other form of business writing. During seminars and business writing workshops, writers often understands the objectives required by different readers. They also find it easier to identify communication channels to be used at various instances. The main problem they face in their attempt to develop and come up with appropriate business writing is a task to realize their overall objective (Moore, 2008). Many writers think that the overall goal of their writing is to ensure the intended reader reads it. By this, they end up falling short of the purpose of business writing. To overcome this problem, writers need to verbalize what they want from the reader (Butler, 2006). This will help them adopt specific actions during their writing. Before the writer gets engaged in any business writing, he should clearly know what he or she wants from the reader. They

Famous Psychologist Essay Example for Free

Famous Psychologist Essay Throughout psychologys relatively brief history, there have been many famous psychologists who have left their mark both on psychology and on the world at large. While some of these individuals do not necessarily fit todays definition of a psychologist, a term which indicates a doctoral-level degree in psychology, their influence on psychology is without question. Learn more about psychologists by browsing through this list of some of the most famous thinkers in psychology history. Alfred Adler Public Domain Alfred Adler is known as one of the most influential thinkers in psychology. While he was initially a member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, Adler eventually departed from Freuds theories and developed his own perspective, which he called Individual Psychology. He had a strong influence on a number of other eminent psychologists, including Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow and Karen Horney. Mary Ainsworth Mary Ainsworth was a psychologist best known for her research on attachment theory and the development of the strange situation assessment. Her work played an important role in our understanding of child development and has influenced other fields including education. Gordon Allport Gordon Allport was a psychologist perhaps best-known as one of the founding figures of personality psychology. He also developed a trait theory of personality that described three broad categories of personality traits. Solomon Asch Solomon Asch was a pioneering social psychologist. His famous conformity experiments demonstrated that people will claim that something is correct when it obviously is not due to social pressure from peers. Asch also had an important influence on psychologist Stanley Milgram, whose own obedience experiments were inspired by Aschs work. Albert Bandura Albert Bandura is a psychologist known for his famous Bobo doll experiment as well as his concepts of self-efficacy and social learning. Bandura’s work is considered part of the cognitive revolution in psychology that began in the late 1960s. His theories have had tremendous impact on personality psychology, cognitive psychology, education, and therapy. Alfred Binet Public Domain Alfred Binet was a French psychologist famous for his development of the first widely used intelligence test. He is often described as one of the most influential thinkers in psychology history and his original test still serves as the basis for modern measures of intelligence. Mary Whiton Calkins Mary Whiton Calkins was the first female president of the American Psychological Association. She studied at Harvard with famous teachers including William James and Hugo Munsterberg. Despite completing all of the requirements for a doctorate degree in psychology, Harvard refused to grant her degree simply because she was a woman. James McKeen Cattell Image courtesy Library of Congress James McKeen Cattell was the first U.S. psychology professor. He is an important figure in psychology thanks to his work in intelligence, his use of quantitative methods and his focus on establishing psychology as a legitimate science. Raymond Cattell Image from Wikimedia Commons Raymond Cattell was a pioneering thinker who is perhaps best known for his use of multivariate analysis and his 16-factor personality model. Mamie Phipps Clark Mamie Phipps Clark was a pioneering psychologist known for her important research on child development and self-concept among minorities. As the first black woman to graduate from Columbia University, she faced discrimination because of her race and her gender. Her research with her husband, Kenneth Clark, played a major role in the Supreme Courts decision in the pivotal Brown vs. Board of Education case. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi Hes an important contemporary psychologist, but one of your first questions is probably How do you pronounce his name? (Its me-HIGH chick-sent-me-HIGH-ee, by the way.) Learn more about his work and contributions to modern psychology in this brief biography. John Dewey Image courtesy Wikimedia Commons John Dewey was an American psychologist, philosopher, writer and educational theorist. His work had a vital influence on psychology, education and philosophy and he is often considered one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th-century. His emphasis on progressive education has contributed greatly to the use of experimentation rather than an authoritarian approach to knowledge. Erik Erikson Public Domain Erik Eriksons well-known stage theory of psychosocial development helped generate interest and inspire research on human development through the lifespan. An ego psychologist who studied with Anna Freud, Erikson expanded psychoanalytic theory by exploring development throughout the full lifespan, including events of childhood, adulthood and old age. Hans Eysenck Image from the Wikimedia Commons / Sirswindon at en.wikipedia Hans Eyesenck was a very prolific psychologist, publishing more than 75 books and 1600 journal articles. Prior to his death in 1997, he was the living psychologist most frequently cited in scientific books and journal articles. He was also a very controversial figure, and his outspoken views of subjects ranging from psychotherapy to intelligence made him the subject of criticism. Leon Festinger Leon Festinger was an influential social psychologist who is well-known for his theory of cognitive dissonance as well as his social comparison theory. Anna Freud Anna Freud began her career influenced by the theories of her father, Sigmund Freud. Far from living in her fathers shadow, Anna made important contributions of her own to psychology. She founded child psychoanalysis and summarized the egos defense mechanisms in her book The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense (1936). Sigmund Freud Public Domain Sigmund Freud may be one of the best known figures in history, but he is also one of the most controversial. He was the founder of the school of thought known as psychoanalysis. The legacy of his life and work provokes both impassioned acclaim from his supporters and disdain from his detractors. While some view him as a cultural icon and others see him as a pseudo-scientific charlatan, there is no question that Freud left an indelible mark on psychology as well as other disciplines. Erich Fromm Liss Goldring / Erich Fromm Estate Erich Fromm was a neo-Freudian psychoanalyst who had a major influence on humanistic psychology. Today Fromm is remembered for his concept of freedom as a fundamental component of human nature.

Commentary on Jonathan Swifts Essay A Modest Proposal Essay Example for Free

Commentary on Jonathan Swifts Essay A Modest Proposal Essay Jonathan Swift cleverly illustrates a very â€Å"humble† solution to the crisis in Ireland in his personal essay, â€Å"A Modest Proposal. † His voice urges annoyance and frustration, evoking a tone of sarcasm. Through the use of cynical language, he creates an intense and informative response. He uses language to create imagery which he intends to elicit a response of shock and moral responsibility. His intention is to mock Ireland and the economic crisis they have got themselves in. Swift appropriately chooses strong imagery and describes a â€Å"melancholy object† that comes from walking through Irish streets and seeing â€Å"beggars of the female sex† and â€Å"three, four, or six children, all in rags. † Swift wants this image to convey the severe challenges that Ireland is facing. These women are panhandling for food, instead of working â€Å"for their honest livelihood,† and that influences their children to do the same or leave for the â€Å"Pretender in Spain. The â€Å"deplorable state† of Ireland is causing grave situations for the impoverished. The English Protestants have been mistreating the Irish, and England has â€Å"consumed† Ireland. Because of England, Ireland faces a lack of power, and Swift uses this verisimilitude in order to take advantage of his satire and to present the â€Å"devouring† of poverty-stricken infants of Irish born mothers. The circumstances in Ireland at that time, the key parallel between both situations are their shared consequence: a country destined to collapse. Swift’s arguments against their current â€Å"schemes† of Ireland are well constructed and convincing. The children or the mothers will no longer beg for â€Å"charity† on the streets. â€Å"A child will make two dishes,† and will be offered in sale to people. This will bring quality and fortune, through the nation. He has â€Å"maturely weighed the several schemes of other projectors. † He believes that these â€Å"schemes† are much miscalculated in their â€Å"computation. † If the previous â€Å"schemes† had worked then there would be no poverty or â€Å"voluntary abortions. He uses strong diction to let one know that he is not proud of his country or the people. His proposal makes complete logical sense. He has everything figured out. Certain terms he uses when he compares the Irish children to farm animals, and that they should be â€Å"consumed. † Diction such as â€Å"stock,† â€Å"pigs,† â€Å"cattle,† â€Å"fatten them up,† all imply to Swift’s analogy to people and livestock. This implies that the Irish just stand around and bend down to an authority of a higher power, and also that the English treat the Irish as worthless workers. The Irish are valuable in financial means to their owners and so are livestock. The Irish just marry and bear children, and wait for wealth to come. This is just what the English want, they want the Irish to be weaker and not take a stand. Therefore, Swift quite subtly proposes that instead of these children being a burden on the already poor parents, the children should â€Å"contribute† themselves to the nation in a form of food or clothing. Swift uses imagery to set the tone of voice and to consistently keep it going throughout the essay. He conjures up images to create an illusion that the solution to the economic crisis in Ireland is quite effortless to solve. Swift is expecting the Irish people to understand that they are responsible of the crisis and they have no patriotism towards their own country. This imagery is created because of language, he expects the people of the nation to do something about the â€Å"distresses† being faced. Swift consistently repeats women and children â€Å"begging,† he wants to clarify that he’s not only writing an essay about the economy but also about moral responsibility of the nation. He explains about the â€Å"voluntary abortions;† these women murder their children because they can’t afford to provide for their children. He constantly explains the â€Å"present distresses,† expressing his frustration and shame towards the country. Swift is generous with his disdain and his ironic representations are not only meant to criticize the society of Ireland, but also to motivate the Irish to take action in rectifying the damage that Ireland has tolerated. Swift has no other motive but to only hope for the public good and â€Å"public consideration. †

Relationship Between Art and Creativity

Relationship Between Art and Creativity   Fabian Espin ABSTRACT It is often said that artists have got a considerable use of imagination and hence they are more creative than other people. However, several scientists around the world state that art have nothing to do with creativity. They actually claim that scientists are as creative as artists. As a matter of fact, creativity have presented a prominently increase overtime. Time ago, human beings were not able to build temples or communicate with each other. However, nowadays, scientists are capable to divide the atom and build enormous rockets that can go to the moon. Indeed, arts have played a crucial role into the development of creativity. It is, actually, due to art that cavemen could paint in temples and develop a way to communicate. In fact, arts help human beings to have an open mind and think outside the box. It is arts that have motivated numerous people to create. Nevertheless, arts has, wit out a doubt, enhanced creativity. DOES ARTS ENHANCE CREATIVITY? Creativity is allowing yourself to make mistakes, art is knowing which ones to keep. Overtime, creativity has presented a considerable impact among people because new ideas have emerged out of nowhere. Hence, the world has had a gradual development throughout the years. As a matter of fact, this development is clearly seen in a numerous fields, from technology to arts. Indeed, arts enhances creativity, which is crucial for innovation and adaptation. Creative people have the ability to see multiple solutions, employ original thoughts, and use their imagination. Arts promotes these skills, encouraging unique responses and diverse ways of looking at things. Nevertheless, creativity is undoubtedly enhanced by arts in three different ways. First of all, arts gives the opportunity to find multiple solutions to a definite problem. Next, there is a greater use of imagination in the world of arts. Finally, arts encourages motivation. This motivation aid people to be creative and make their id eas to emerge. Long ago, human beings manifested the capacity to be creative. From making tools from stones, painting in walls to mechanisms for moving things more easily and creating new ways to communicate. Countless problems were presented time ago. However, people around the world had the capacity to deal with these problems. People had the opportunity to find solutions, and they did it. They could identify principles of geometry, the physics of forces and kinematics and its mechanisms. Therefore, they built pyramids. They painted in caves and later in temples. Natural colors, oils and acrylic were constantly used in order to paint properly. According to Nancy C. Andreasen, in her article Creativity In Art And Science: Are There Two Cultures? (2012): Creativity is a topic of enormous importance. For many lay people, the word creative evokes images of novelists, poets, composers, and visual artists. If prompted, they would acknowledge the creativity of mathematician/physicists such as Einstein or inventors such as Thomas Edison, but there is a general tendency to assume that creativity is more associated with the arts than the sciences. In fact, creativity is strongly related with arts. Undoubtedly, arts has given people around the world the chance to find solutions to fixed problems long time ago. Conversely, science is also related to creativity. In the article Scientists Are More Creative Than You Might Imagine (Alexandra Ossola, 2014), the author claims that scientist are as creative as the artists in question. However, there is no doubt that arts and science are certainly linked with creativity. Secondly, arts motivates people to be more creative and therefore to improve in several ways. Let us consider the Learning through the arts program (Upitis and Smithrim, 2005). This system was created by the Royal Conservatory of Music in Canada. Basically, this program analyzed the effects of arts in education. The LTTA program measured and compared students results between schools that took this program and schools that were not interested in the program. As expected, after three years of the program, students into LTTA program obtained higher grades than the others. Hence, students presented a significant improvement. This is also highlighted in the documentary: The Finland Phenomenon. Education in Finland is way different from other countries around the world. From teachers to classrooms, the methodology presented into these schools is distinct. However, arts have also taken an important place in Finland. Essentially, arts among these students are presented in many ways. Painting , singing and freedom to express themselves can be considered forms of arts. It is clearly seen that students in Finland have achieved greater results so far so arts have clearly helped students from Finland to be more creative. Finally, arts allows a greater use of imagination. Being surrounded with great art as music or literature, opens peoples mind. Accoring to the article 7 Ways To Increase Your Creativity(Jordan Driediger, 2007), being surrounded by art builds a template of quality and standard of excellence that can propel your creativity forward. The author goes on to say the following statement There is absolutely nothing wrong with studying and even copying aspects of the greats of your industry. As Pablo Picasso once said, Good artists copy, great artists steal. While I agree with Picasso, it goes without saying that you should steal their methods and not their products. In the video A Young Tinkerer Builds A Windmill the 20-year-old William Kamkwamba achieved his dream. Basically, he powered up a country that had no electricity before his windmill. Arts can be defined as the science of feeling and passion, and William presented exactly these virtues. He had a dream and he went all the way in order to make this dream to come true. Undoubtedly, this intensify of feeling and imagination contributed to Williams passion and creativity. To sum up, arts has enhanced creativity overtime. This has given people around the world the possibility to improve and be creative. Nowadays, scientists are able to divide an atom and to create huge rockets that go to the moon. This improvement is given by the fact that human beings were finding solutions when problems were presented. Also, motivation through artistic methodology has been shown especially in education, when arts have had a huge impact. Students around the world can feel that they are able to achieve something important because they feel motivated. In addition, being surrounded by arts has improved human minds in order to be more open and creative. Arts exists to express, not to impress, and this definite expression have taken place when being creative, because people can think outside the box.

Rhetorical Analysis of Martin Luther Kings I Have A Dream Speech

In a period of time where few were willing to listen, Martin Luther King, Jr. stood proudly, gathered and held the attention of over 200,000 people. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech was very effective and motivational for African Americans in 1963. Many factors affected Kings’ speech in a very positive manner; the great emotion behind the words, delivering the speech on the steps of the memorial of the President who defeated slavery. And not only was this message beautifully written for the hope of African Americans, but the underlying message for white people, revolution and peace. To stimulate emotion from both parties of his listeners, King used a selection of rhetorical devices such as allusions to historical documents, metaphors, similes, anaphoras and others. Martin Luther King’s use of allusions to historical documents helps his message of equality hit home for his audience. Most of the allusions were geared more towards the white people that it was towards the blacks because it provided printed evidence from past documents that were written by white males. His first, â€Å"Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation† is an allusion to Abraham Lincoln and the Gettysburg Address. His first reference to the Declaration of Independence: â€Å"This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the ‘unalienable rights’ of ‘Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness’.† Another quote King uses from the Declaration of Independence is not quite as publicized, King incidentally slips in, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.† King also mak es a few allusions to the Bible; â€Å"... ... would be treated as equals and walk hand-in-hand with every one of every color. Martin Luther King, Jr. implies that his dream is none other than the dream of the Founding Fathers which he makes reference to several times during his speech. And ending with another powerful anaphora, â€Å"let freedom ring† King look joyfully towards the day where â€Å"all God’s children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentile, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing† because he knows this is movement is greater than just for those of color. By expressing his emotions on the subject of racism, Kings persuasive speech influenced and impacted America, for the better in the early 1960’s. With his many uses of different rhetorical devices such as allusions, metaphors and smiles, and anaphoras Kings speech truly changed the minds of hundreds of thousands of people. Rhetorical Analysis of Martin Luther King's I Have A Dream Speech In a period of time where few were willing to listen, Martin Luther King, Jr. stood proudly, gathered and held the attention of over 200,000 people. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech was very effective and motivational for African Americans in 1963. Many factors affected Kings’ speech in a very positive manner; the great emotion behind the words, delivering the speech on the steps of the memorial of the President who defeated slavery. And not only was this message beautifully written for the hope of African Americans, but the underlying message for white people, revolution and peace. To stimulate emotion from both parties of his listeners, King used a selection of rhetorical devices such as allusions to historical documents, metaphors, similes, anaphoras and others. Martin Luther King’s use of allusions to historical documents helps his message of equality hit home for his audience. Most of the allusions were geared more towards the white people that it was towards the blacks because it provided printed evidence from past documents that were written by white males. His first, â€Å"Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation† is an allusion to Abraham Lincoln and the Gettysburg Address. His first reference to the Declaration of Independence: â€Å"This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men would be guaranteed the ‘unalienable rights’ of ‘Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness’.† Another quote King uses from the Declaration of Independence is not quite as publicized, King incidentally slips in, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.† King also mak es a few allusions to the Bible; â€Å"... ... would be treated as equals and walk hand-in-hand with every one of every color. Martin Luther King, Jr. implies that his dream is none other than the dream of the Founding Fathers which he makes reference to several times during his speech. And ending with another powerful anaphora, â€Å"let freedom ring† King look joyfully towards the day where â€Å"all God’s children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentile, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing† because he knows this is movement is greater than just for those of color. By expressing his emotions on the subject of racism, Kings persuasive speech influenced and impacted America, for the better in the early 1960’s. With his many uses of different rhetorical devices such as allusions, metaphors and smiles, and anaphoras Kings speech truly changed the minds of hundreds of thousands of people.

Observing the Human Condition :: essays research papers

Human’s, according to the bible, will always be evil because of one action; the action of biting the apple. Films like Fargo, Magnolia, and Pleasantville portray human nature constantly â€Å"biting the apple.† These films seem to share many views on how human nature is portrayed with the Bible. Betrayal and forgiveness are two prominent themes in the Bible as well as all three of these films. In particular, the film Magnolia seems to have almost every character commit betrayal of some kind. The one character that is true to Bonhoeffer’s â€Å"true discipleship† is Officer Jim Kurring. He values the lives he saves more than his own life, he is truly unselfish.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie Pleasantville is a clear parable to the Bible’s description of the Garden of Eden. Pleasantville portrays complete innocence amongst its population. Complete innocence that is, until David Wagner betrays the TV repairman (God) and begins to change the world of Pleasantville along with his sister Jennifer. Like the film, the Bible portrays humans as sinners by consequence. The movie also brings out the question of whether or not there is one true â€Å"garden of Eden† for everyone, or if we must learn to create our own paradise in order to truly be happy. Does God have our destiny created for us or must we create our own? When it comes to reconciliation and forgiveness, the movie does not seem to be a parable to the passages of the Bible. The Hebrew god brings chaos when he is betrayed by the sinners of the earth, like the flood. The movie has a much unrealistic view of how forgiving God is.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story of Cain and Abel can be paralleled to the movie Fargo. Jerry Lundenguard sacrifices his family for his own gain in much of the movie. The kidnapping of his wife depicts his total lack of clarity towards the safety of his wife. Even his own son seems unimportant to him, he is asked how his son is holding up and he has a moment of realization that he has not even thought about his son’s well being. Even the betrayal of the two killers at the end of the movie can be paralleled towards Jerry betraying his wife. Backstabbing is an essential part of this movie when compared to the Bible whether the betrayal involves evil vs. evil, or evil vs. good.

Oedipus - He tried and failed. :: Classics

Oedipus - He tried and failed. Oedipus is one of the most famous tragic characters of Greek drama. Sophocles, a famous composer of tragic Greek drama, wrote Oedipus the King. In this drama, Oedipus is just a good king trying to help his people by punishing a criminal for a certain crime he committed. Even though he tries so hard not to do what was foretold that he would do, he ends up doing it all the same. He was innocent of the knowledge of what he was doing, but guilty of the act he commits. He is a good king in trying to help his people, without his knowing it, he is the cause of the problem he is trying to solve, and when he tries to avoid the unavoidable, he finds that he is the reason for the problem. Oedipus is a good king, just trying to save his people by removing the plague. In his attempt at trying to be the savior of his people, he condemns the man who killed the former king. He wants to punish that man because he is the reason for the plague that is harming his people. He says, "Whoever he was that killed the king may readily wish to dispatch me with his murderous hand; so helping the dead king I help myself." (161-4) What he does not realize is that he is the culprit, the reason for the problem, and because he is going unpunished, the plague had continued. When Oedipus is a young adult, he goes to the oracle of Apollo, who tells him that he will one day kill his father and marry his mother. Oedipus, who has no idea that he is adopted at the time, flees his home in fear that he will cause harm to the parents he loves. After he leaves Delphi, the place of the oracle, he meets a man in a chariot whose charioteer tells him to move aside. When he refuses, the other man attacks him, and then Oedipus turns and kills them all. He comes to Thebes; the people were under siege by a Sphinx. After he saves the town, he is given the queen, Jocasta, to be his wife as a reward. What he does not know was that the one of the men he killed was his father and the woman that he marries is his mother. Oedipus the king never considers what he had done, until he hears certain pieces of information and starts to piece things together. He finds out that what was foretold to him, his killing his father and

Bad Debts and Uncollectible Accounts Receivable

When we own a business, we hope that all the customers who get goods or service from us will pay in full. But in fact, a certain percentage of customers will default on their obligations. We need to consider this part of money to balance sheet, so that we report them as writing off bad debts.Account Receivable We recognize Account Receivable from two different parts. 1) Service Organization, we record a receivable when it provides service on account. 2) Merchandiser, we records receivable at the point of sale of merchandise on account.Bad Debt Expense Under GAAP, when we sale goods or offer service to customers, we recognize the revenue as â€Å"Sales Revenue† on Income Statement- even the customers don’t pay immediately. When we can’t collect the receivable money, we have to report an expense to offset the revenue which we reported at the beginning of sale or service. This is the so called Bad Debt Expense. In other words, seller records losses that result from extending credit as Bad Debts Expense.Methods of Accounting for Uncollectible Accounts There are two methods to record the uncollectible accounts. 1) Direct Write-Off. But it is theoretically undesirable. 2) Allowance Method. It is much better. Companies estimate uncollectible accounts receivable. Then debit Bad Debts Expense and credit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. Companies debit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and credit Accounts Receivable at the time the specific account is written off as uncollectible.Write-offs First of all, we need to decide a specific amount for the uncollectible account. For instance, we decide $1000 debt is uncollectible. Secondary, we decrease the Account Receivable by $1000. We also decrease the allowance for doubtful account by $1000. So, at the beginning we have $20000 for the account receivable and $2000 for allowance, then it falls down to $19000 and the allowance would drop to $1000. Then the net account receivable is still $18000 the same as be ginning. Eg: Bed Debts Expense 1000Allowance for doubtful accounts 1000Balance Sheet Approach Under the percentage of receivables basis, management establishes a percentage relationship between the amount of receivables and expected losses from uncollectible accounts.